The United States and World War I

The United States and World War I Mohammad Mian On April 6th, 1917, the United States of America entered the First World War in support of the Allied powers, most notable of whom were Russia, Britain, and France.[1] Americas declaration of war on the Central Powers, led by Germany and Austria-Hungary, was largely due to the indiscriminate targeting of Americas passenger and merchant vessels by German submarines.[2] In early 1917, British intelligence notified the President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, of an intercepted German telegram which encouraged Mexico to invade the United States.[3] The intercepted telegram convinced Wilson of the threat posed to the United States by Germany, and he declared war on Germany in April 1917.[4] After the United States entrance into the First World War, various American news organizations published articles in support of the war effort, often stressing the nations vital role in any foreseeable allied military and naval offensives. One such news organization was The New York Times. On December 31st, 1917, the New York Times published Allies Rely on Us for Decisive Aid, which was authored by Charles H. Grasty. Grastys article stressed the importance of the United States to any future successful Allied operations against Germany on the Western front.[5] Furthermore, Grasty contended that a positive outcome for the Allies in the war could only to be achieved once the American navy defeated German submarines in the Atlantic.[6] Thus, he argued in favour of Americas role in the war, as he considered any future Allied success to be dependent on the might of the United States army and navy.[7] Consequently, Grastys publication reflected the predominant view among Americas leading politicians in 1917 and 1918 that the First World War was a conflict to which the United States leadership on the Western front and in the Atlantic was vital.[8] His ability to precisely identify and address the major weaknesses of the Allies, as well as the use of subheadings to effectively organize his thoughts and ideas, were the strengths of the article. However, a bias in favour of the United States leadership in the war, and an inability to contextualize the military situation of the Allies at the beginning of 1918, were the primary shortcomings of Grastys article. Allies Rely on Us for Decisive Aid reflected the predominant view among American politicians in 1917 and 1918 that Allied victory in the First World War would solely depend on the decisiveness of the United States military and naval leadership in the war. In the article, Grasty stated A year ago Europe was bitter against President Wilson for utterance then wrongly construed as friendly to Germany. Today Europe looks to him for leadership and even now awaits word from Washington as to whether and how to proceed towards unity of control.[9] He stressed the importance of Americas leadership to the Allied war effort, as the European belligerents were now turning to the United States for advice and guidance.[10] Similarly, he argued Every calculation includes America as the chief factor. Unless there should come peace by negotiation, Americas military resources in men, material, money and moral support will settle the war if it is to be settled by whipping Germany.[11] This particular pas sage reflected Grastys view that an Allied victory in the war could only be achieved with American leadership, as he considered the United States military and economy to be the factor which would lead to a decisive end to the war in favour of the Allies.[12] Thus, the article reflected the belief that the Uniteds states had a vital role to play in the First World War, which prevailed among many of Americas leading politicians, most notable of whom was former President Theodore Roosevelt.[13] The confidence in Americas wartime leadership displayed by Grasty allowed him to precisely identify the weaknesses of the Allies in the First World War throughout his article. Grastys discussion of the Allies weaknesses was a strength of his article, as doing so lent credibility to his claim that the Americas participation in the war would turn the tide in favour of the allies. Accord to Grasty, two of the major weaknesses of the Allied powers were their inability to counter the German submarine threat, as well as their inability to quell internal dissension in Russia.[14] The German submarines, known as U-Boats, attacked and destroyed Allied vessels.[15] Regarding the veracity of German submarine warfare, Grasty stated The Prime Minister having definitely and wisely abandoned his over-optimistic policy, the public is beginning to realize how deadly serious is the submarine situationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It can not be stated often or too emphatically that the war depends primarily on the success or failure of the submarine operation, and that what has already been accomplished against the U-Boat [By the U.S.] is important chiefly for what it promises in future accomplishment.[16] In this passage, Grasty referred to the failure of the British Prime Minister, Lloyd George, to realize the seriousness of the German submarine attacks on allied shipping.[17] He went on to stress the importance of the United States to the submarine operations and war effort. By addressing the failure of the European Allies to counter the German submarine threat, Grasty was attempting to portray them as being incapable of winning the without the United States. Another weakness of the allies touched upon by Grasty was the internal dissension within Russia. Although Grasty did not mention the Russian Revolution, his article implied that Russia was engulfed in great turmoil Allied Europe closes the books and balances its year by a net loss on the operating side and a net gain in assets by so much as America is better than Russia as a fighting allyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The Allies knew a year ago was a huge mine, with the fuse lighted to blow them up, but nobody flew to the rescue with man-fashion strenuousityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Perhaps the Allies will drift again as they did about Russia.[18] Ultimately, he was right about Russia, as the Communist revolution in 1917 led to the nations departure from the war and surrender with signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918.[19] By downplaying Russias importance to the Allies, Grasty sought to portray the United States as a nation which would change the Allies fortunes in the war. Aside from discussing the weaknesses of the Allies in his article, Grastys effective use of subheadings to organize his thoughts and ideas was another strength of his article. Grastys use of subheadings in his article effectively organized his thoughts and ideas. The four subheadings used by Grasty were Two Vital Questions, Shipping Squeeze to Be Severe, The Western Front, and Alls Looking to America.[20] Under each of these subheadings, Grasty discussed a different subject. Under Two Vital Questions for example, Grasty discussed the major issues facing the Allies, such as the internal dissension in Russia and the threat posed by the Submarines to the Allied war effort.[21] He then went on to discuss the impact of German submarine attacks on Allied shipping under Shipping Squeeze to Be Severe.[22] Finally, he discussed the situation on the Western front under The Western Front, and concluded by mentioning the importance of American leadership to the Allies under Alls Looking to America.[23] Grastys use of subheadings allowed readers to gain a thorough understanding of the document, as his ideas were well organized. Despite the excellent organization, the a rticle was biased in favour of American leadership during the war, and it lacked adequate historical context. Throughout his article, Grasty was biased in favour of Americas leadership in the First World War. He often downplayed the Allied command by placing an emphasis on their mistakes, such as Lloyd Georges failure to deal with the threat of German submarine warfare.[24] At the conclusion of the article, he stated America is looked to deal with every large phase of preparation with the same far-seeing and whole seeing that had just been shown in taking over the railroads-an action applauded in every quarter here as showing President Wilsons firm and enlightened will to win. And, finally, America is expected to profit by her own and the Allied blundering.[25] Grastys conclusion was evidence of his bias in favour of Americas leadership as he considered America to be in charge of Allied preparations, all the while the remaining Allies were blunderers. Another weakness of Grastys article was his failure to contextualize historical information. Grasty failed to provide a historical context for some of the events discussed in his article. The most notable event which he failed to contextualize was the Russian Revolution. Although Grasty referred to Russia as a huge mine, with the fuse lighted to blow them up, he did not elaborate on the events which engulfed the nation.[26] Had Grasty discussed a few notable details of the Russian Revolution, his article would have had more historical substance. Another historical detail which Gratsy failed to contextualize was the submarine warfare of the Germans. While he did discuss the German submarine operations, Gratsy failed to mention why and how they were destructive to the Allied war effort. Furthermore, he also did not mention any statistics regarding the amount of Allied ships lost to the German submarines. Overall, the lack of historical contextualization decreased the quality of Grastys article. Charles H. Grastys Allies Rely on Us for Decisive Aid expressed the dominating political opinion in the United States during the final two years of the First World War that American leadership would propel the Allies to victory. Both the mention of Allied weaknesses and the use of subheadings to thoroughly organize his ideas were the strengths of his article. Unfortunately, the article was hindered by Grastys bias in favour of American leadership during the First World War and his inability to adequately contextualize relevant historical events. Bibliography Primary Source Grasty, Charles H. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid. The New York Times (London), January 31, 1917. Accessed January 1, 2017. Secondary Source Wilmott, Hedley Paul. World War I. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2009. [1] Hedley Paul Wilmott. World War I. (London: Dorling Kindersley, 2009), 196, 199. [2] Ibid, 200. [3] Ibid. [4] Ibid, 196. [5] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., The New York Times, January 31, 1917, 1, 3. [6] Ibid. [7] Ibid. [8] Ibid. [9] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., 1. [10] Ibid, 1. [11] Ibid, 3. [12] Ibid. [13] Hedley Paul Wilmott. World War I., 198. [14] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., The New York Times, 1. [15] Hedley Paul Wilmott. World War I, 183, 197, 198, 200. [16] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., The New York Times, 1. [17] Ibid. [18] Ibid. [19] Hedley Paul Wilmott. World War I, 250, 251. [20] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., The New York Times, 1, 3. [21] Ibid, 1. [22] Ibid, 1, 3. [23] Ibid, 3. [24] Ibid, 1. [25] Ibid, 3. [26] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., 1.

Case 33 †the Casino Industry in 2011

Case 33 – The Casino Industry in 2011 Brant Davis Problem Summary The Las Vegas and Atlantic City locations have lost revenues in recent years. In addition to the economic slowdown, these gambling locations are also facing new competitors in the market that are providing attractive choices to the customers. Though there are some external forces beyond their control, it seems that attractiveness and accessibility are very important focus areas for these cities. Analysis Using the SWOT analysis, we can get a broad picture of the Las Vegas and Atlantic City locations.Some of the strengths of these two cities are; the variety of entertainment they offer, the accommodations available, the atmosphere delivered, and providing a benchmark of quality service expected by the customers. Weaknesses of Las Vegas and Atlantic City are that they can be heavily affected by changes in the economy and the rising numbers of competitors. As the number of competitors rise, Las Vegas and Atlantic C ity have lost some of their business to places that are simply closer to the customers home.This has opened up some opportunities for these casino giants to make their locations more attractive and accessible to the customers and steal back some of the lost business. One of the largest threats to Las Vegas and Atlantic City locations is that it is getting much easier for the customers to gamble without traveling far. In fact, now the customers have the ability to gamble online right from their homes. Alternatives There are several courses of action these cities can take to grow. The first would be to make it even easier to get to their locations.There were times in the past when Las Vegas and Atlantic City used to basically pick the customer up and bring them into town. If it was easier for the customers to reach them, they might take back some of the business lost to more local casinos. The downside to that of course is the cost of travel would then be transferred to the casino cit ies. The real gamble here is that there are always people just looking for a free vacation, and just bringing them into town doesn’t guarantee that they will spend a lot while staying there.Another alternative is that Las Vegas and Atlantic City could both focus their efforts on the Legislation that has been keeping gambling from being legal online. Though this would require a lot of employed lobbyists, lawyers, and Politians to side with them. The con to that plan of action would that it would be hard to corner the online market so late in the game. Finally, Las Vegas and Atlantic City could focus on what it can offer to the customers that the other locations don’t. RecommendationsThough gambling is such an important part of their revenue, they should focus even more on bringing the customer in for the experiences that can’t be found anywhere else. This would require even more advertisements that give emphasis to the features of the city, and not just the slot machines. Though the retro rebranding of Las Vegas as â€Å"Sin City† seemed like the honest move, they need to make it the place for anyone to come and enjoy. Because Atlantic City has so many people within driving distance, they should focus more on picking families up and bringing them in as well.Often a family will travel on only one major vacation per year. Why not have that location be a city that just happens to have gambling. Additionally, MGM Mirage should be the poster casino for revenue. Las Vegas and Atlantic City have to get further away from the focus of gambling and make themselves the entertainment capitals of the east and west coasts. They need to advertise their cities as the places for people to escape and experience something that can’t be seen at home.They also need to lure in people with discounts and free complimentary benefits so that when the customers arrive, they can justify spending money on the entertainment. Finally, they need to have pati ence while staying aggressive. The economy is bound to improve, but they can’t just throw money into new buildings that people won’t travel to. They should slow some of the growth for the next few years and focus on advertising what they have to offer. Customers shouldn’t have to learn about all the great stuff by arriving there, they should go there because of all the great stuff they have already heard about.

Mayan Collapse

The purpose of this investigation is to find the real reason why and how Copal collapsed. Copal was placed where Honduras is today; Copal showed they were great civilization of the cultural Amman life. People wondered what happened to the once great civilization. Copal civilization had a rapid fall do to diseases, natural disasters, overpopulation, economic disruption, and many more. All those things that can happen to a civilization bring a collapse. But people around wanted evidence, from information that I read it was said there was no follow period and land was Ewing overused.This was also hipping leading into another fact that the population was getting to large more than what civilization can hold. The evidence that kind of gave you the answer of the telling of overpopulation was the skulls and bones left behind. When the skulls were found there was a question was do these to skulls have different outcomes on what happened to them? Skull #1 showed it had severe anemia which pro bably killed the Copal citizen. Skull # 1 had spongy looking areas on the back of their skull which are caused by lack of iron in diet. The percentage was 0 percent of skeleton showed they had anemia.Skull # 2 showed the Amman culture way of they had being wrapped during childhood formed into shape that Mayans are use to. The teeth were carved in an intricate pattern, something that Maya upper social classes would do. Skull # 2 was also shown that it had spongy looking areas on the on there had. This Amman noble had anemia also. The evidence has now proved this was not a gradual fall. In the forest there were plants that could have evidence In how and why Copal collapsed. These plants can tell us how it collapsed based on heir life style and how It affected the plants.These plants showed that Copal valley had a heaver return back to the forest. I reached the conclusion that there were people with anemia when they died. A constant of over farming, too big of a population for Its own civilization, and economic disruption. This to me and evidence that there was a rapid decline going on. To prevent a collapse from happening It Is said that every society should have their own needs of rules, food, labor, drinks, and trader. Also your society should have educational purposes, with a passing of certain expectations.To make sure this Is all being followed your society should provide meaning and motivation to Its members. Amman Collapse By Distant-Johnson this was not a gradual fall. In the forest there were plants that could have evidence in their life style and how it affected the plants. These plants showed that Copal valley population for its own civilization, and economic disruption. This to me and evidence that there was a rapid decline going on. To prevent a collapse from happening it is expectations. To make sure this is all being followed your society should provide meaning and motivation to its members.

Essay about Human Genetic Engineering - 1542 Words

Introduction What if you could design your child before it was even born? What if you could cut out any life threatening diseases, make sure that your child is not susceptible to smoking addictions or alcoholism, and then make your child genius? Would you? Are you asking yourself how this could be done? Have you ever considered human genetic engineering? What is Human Genetic Engineering? Lets start by looking at the cell and the source of heritable traits. We know that all organisms are made up by cells and that new cells can only spring from existing cells. Cell growth depends upon the production of new cells and within each cell exists DNA. DNA contains the hereditary instructions need for each organism to grow and†¦show more content†¦Historically humans have ignored the risks of their actions. We are toolmakers. We are constantly altering our environment to heighten our outlook for a better life. Are we ready to face the possible consequences of the future? Time will o nly tell. The Dark Side A genetically engineered product is anything that had been developed by altering its DNA in some way. But do we have the right to do such a thing? There are numerous problems with gene therapy and DNA manipulation. Can we play God? What guarantees can we truly give? What about the possible mutation? What about possible prejudice and discrimination? What effects would cloning have on an individual? Wouldnt loss of genetic variation be a serious problem? Since antibiotic resistance could occur, what happens when a person is sick? What about the unexpected effects? Should we even interfere with nature? All of the above are things that need to be considered before we can truly continue with research and experimentation. There are no guarantees when changing genes. The possible and unexpected mutations, antibiotic resistance, and all other effects are all unknown. 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